This study investigates the effect of synthesis temperature on the physicochemical and ion exchange properties of anion exchange resins synthesized from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polyvinylamine (PVA). Anion exchangers were prepared by substituting chlorine atoms in PVC with amino groups from PVA under controlled thermal conditions ranging from 20°C to 80°C. The swelling degree, ion exchange capacity, density, and surface morphology of the resulting resins were systematically analyzed using gravimetric analysis, FTIR spectroscopy. Experimental results showed that the substitution reaction efficiency increases with temperature, peaking at 60°C, where the highest swelling capacity of 79.8% was observed. FTIR analysis confirmed successful chemical modification by the appearance of characteristic functional groups such as C=O and C–Cl. The study concludes that 60°C is the optimal temperature for achieving a balance between reactivity and structural stability. These findings provide valuable insights into optimizing synthesis parameters for the development of efficient, cost-effective, and thermally stable PVC-PVA-based anion exchangers suitable for environmental and industrial applications
This study investigates the effect of synthesis temperature on the physicochemical and ion exchange properties of anion exchange resins synthesized from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polyvinylamine (PVA). Anion exchangers were prepared by substituting chlorine atoms in PVC with amino groups from PVA under controlled thermal conditions ranging from 20°C to 80°C. The swelling degree, ion exchange capacity, density, and surface morphology of the resulting resins were systematically analyzed using gravimetric analysis, FTIR spectroscopy. Experimental results showed that the substitution reaction efficiency increases with temperature, peaking at 60°C, where the highest swelling capacity of 79.8% was observed. FTIR analysis confirmed successful chemical modification by the appearance of characteristic functional groups such as C=O and C–Cl. The study concludes that 60°C is the optimal temperature for achieving a balance between reactivity and structural stability. These findings provide valuable insights into optimizing synthesis parameters for the development of efficient, cost-effective, and thermally stable PVC-PVA-based anion exchangers suitable for environmental and industrial applications
| № | Name of reference |
|---|---|
| 1 | 1.Chen, J., Wang, Y., & Li, X. (2018). Preparation and characterization of novel anion exchange resins for water purification. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 135(32), 46570. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.465702.Zhang, Z., Li, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2020). Functional modification of PVC with amine-containing polymers for ion exchange applications. Polymer Bulletin, 77, 3759–3771. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-019-02880-53.Sata, T., & Tsujimoto, M. (2006). Ion exchange membranes prepared from cross-linked poly(vinyl alcohol) for electrodialysis. Journal of Membrane Science, 282(1–2), 346–356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2006.05.0214.Yoon, H., Lee, C. H., & Kim, S. (2015). Enhancement of ion exchange capacity of amine-functionalized polymers by optimized reaction conditions. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 54(10), 2585–2593. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie504400m5.Guo, R., Wang, L., & Huang, Y. (2019). Preparation of polyvinyl alcohol-based anion exchangers for removal of nitrate ions. Separation and Purification Technology, 215, 136–144.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2019.01.0166.Wen, J., Zhang, Z., & Hu, Y. (2022). FTIR analysis of modified polymer membranes: Interactions and stability. Spectrochimica ActaPart A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 265, 120360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2021.1203607.Xiang, Y., Wang, Z., & Li, R. (2017). Effects of temperature on polymer functionalization kinetics and performance. Reactive and Functional Polymers, 117, 74–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2017.05.0018.Liu, S., Li, J., & Sun, J. (2016). Synthesis of weak base anion exchange resin and study of its thermal properties. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 132, 75–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.08.0169.Zhao, D., Liu, H., & Li, Y. (2021). Morphology and mechanical strength analysis of polymer-based ion exchangers. Journal of Materials Science, 56, 8792–8803. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-021-05959-210.Tanaka, Y., Takahashi, T., & Aoyagi, Y. (2005). Development of high-performance anion exchange resins with improved selectivity. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 80(4), 454–460. https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.121511.Alguacil, F. J. (2019). Anion exchange resin performance for environmental ion removal applications. Minerals Engineering, 132, 146–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2018.11.01112.Gómez, J. M., & Cañizares, P. (2010). Functional group analysis by FTIR in polymer resins used for ion exchange. Chemical Engineering Journal, 157(2–3), 250–256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2009.11.04813.Weng, X., Chen, J., & Zhao, Q. (2014). Optimization of reaction conditions for amination of PVC using polyvinylamine. Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology, 20(1), 22–29. https://doi.org/10.1002/vnl.2133114.Singh, R., & Sharma, R. K. (2021). Role of polymer architecture on anion exchange performance. Polymer Reviews, 61(4), 667–692. https://doi.org/10.1080/15583724.2020.184452715.Bazzi, H. S., & El-Achkar, T. M. (2022). Advances in polymer modification strategies for ion exchange membranes. Progress in Polymer Science, 128, 101537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101537 |