This article thoroughly analyzes the complex interrelationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) and arterial hypertension (AH). Epidemiological data indicate that 60–80% of patients with diabetes also suffer from hypertension. The coexistence of these two chronic conditions significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular complications such as stroke, myocardial infarction, and chronic kidney disease by 1.5-2 times. The study specifically focuses on common pathophysiological mechanisms, including insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), and the accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). The article emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and comprehensive management of DM and AH. Diagnostic criteria encompass regular blood pressure monitoring, glycemic control assessment (HbA1c), and renal function tests (serum creatinine levels, glomerular filtration rate [GFR], and microalbuminuria). Notably, hypertension affects over 70% of patients with diabetic nephropathy, further escalating the risk of cardiac and renal failure. Treatment strategies aim to normalize blood pressure and ensure glycemic control, involving both pharmacological interventions (RAAS inhibitors like ACE inhibitors and ARBs, thiazide diuretics, and calcium channel blockers) and lifestyle modifications (limiting sodium intake to
This article thoroughly analyzes the complex interrelationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) and arterial hypertension (AH). Epidemiological data indicate that 60–80% of patients with diabetes also suffer from hypertension. The coexistence of these two chronic conditions significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular complications such as stroke, myocardial infarction, and chronic kidney disease by 1.5-2 times. The study specifically focuses on common pathophysiological mechanisms, including insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), and the accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). The article emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and comprehensive management of DM and AH. Diagnostic criteria encompass regular blood pressure monitoring, glycemic control assessment (HbA1c), and renal function tests (serum creatinine levels, glomerular filtration rate [GFR], and microalbuminuria). Notably, hypertension affects over 70% of patients with diabetic nephropathy, further escalating the risk of cardiac and renal failure. Treatment strategies aim to normalize blood pressure and ensure glycemic control, involving both pharmacological interventions (RAAS inhibitors like ACE inhibitors and ARBs, thiazide diuretics, and calcium channel blockers) and lifestyle modifications (limiting sodium intake to
| № | Author name | position | Name of organisation |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kuylivev B.B. | ! | SamDTU |
| № | Name of reference |
|---|---|
| 1 | 1.American Diabetes Association. Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2022. Diabetes Care. 2022;45(Suppl1):S1–S264.2.Jameson JL, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Loscalzo J, editors. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine. 20th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education; 2020.3.National Kidney Foundation. KDOQI clinical practice guideline for diabetes and CKD: 2021 update. Am J Kidney Dis. 2021 Nov;78(5 Suppl 1):S1–S117.4.Williams B, Mancia G, Spiering W, Agabiti Rosei E, Azizi M, Burnier M, et al. 2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. Eur Heart J. 2018 Sep 1;39(33):3021–3104.5.Tabit CE, Chung WB, Hamburg NM, Vita JA. Endothelial dysfunction in diabetes mellitus: molecular mechanisms and clinical implications. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2010 Jun;11(2):61–74.6.Reaven GM. Banting Lecture 1988. Role of insulin resistance in human disease. Diabetes. 1988 Dec;37(12):1595–607.7.Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, Casey DE Jr, Collins KJ, Himmelfarb CD, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of highblood pressure in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Hypertension. 2018 Jun;71(6):e13–e115. |