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This study explores the privatization of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) through Initial Public Offerings (IPO) and Secondary Public Offerings (SPO), with a focus on Uzbekistan's evolving capital market. Drawing on international experiences from countries such as Korea, China, India, and Turkey, the research highlights how SOE listings can enhance corporate governance, attract foreign investment, increase transparency, and stimulate overall economic development. The article analyzes Uzbekistan’s current market environment, including government-led reforms, investor base limitations, weak listing infrastructure, and challenges in disclosure and corporate governance. While recent initiatives demonstrate a strong governmental push for IPOs of major SOEs, the study identifies systemic barriers such as insufficient institutional investors, underdeveloped underwriting practices, and a lack of market awareness among retail investors. The paper concludes with actionable recommendations, including phased IPO implementations, capacity building for investment banks, strengthening disclosure practices, and fostering public interest in equity investment. The findings aim to support Uzbekistan’s strategic transition from a state-led to a market-oriented economy through sustainable and well-managed privatization programs.

  • Read count 20
  • Date of publication 30-05-2025
  • Main LanguageIngliz
  • Pages181-194
English

This study explores the privatization of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) through Initial Public Offerings (IPO) and Secondary Public Offerings (SPO), with a focus on Uzbekistan's evolving capital market. Drawing on international experiences from countries such as Korea, China, India, and Turkey, the research highlights how SOE listings can enhance corporate governance, attract foreign investment, increase transparency, and stimulate overall economic development. The article analyzes Uzbekistan’s current market environment, including government-led reforms, investor base limitations, weak listing infrastructure, and challenges in disclosure and corporate governance. While recent initiatives demonstrate a strong governmental push for IPOs of major SOEs, the study identifies systemic barriers such as insufficient institutional investors, underdeveloped underwriting practices, and a lack of market awareness among retail investors. The paper concludes with actionable recommendations, including phased IPO implementations, capacity building for investment banks, strengthening disclosure practices, and fostering public interest in equity investment. The findings aim to support Uzbekistan’s strategic transition from a state-led to a market-oriented economy through sustainable and well-managed privatization programs.

Ўзбек

Mazkur tadqiqot davlat korxonalarini (SOEs) boshlang‘ich ommaviy takliflar (IPO) va ikkilamchi ommaviy takliflar (SPO) orqali xususiylashtirish masalasini, ayniqsa, O‘zbekistonning rivojlanayotgan kapital bozori doirasida o‘rganadi. Koreya, Xitoy, Hindiston va Turkiya kabi davlatlarning tajribasiga tayanilgan holda, ushbu maqola davlat korxonalarining fond bozoriga chiqarilishi orqali korporativ boshqaruvni takomillashtirish, xorijiy investitsiyalarni jalb qilish, oshkoralikni ta’minlash va iqtisodiy o‘sishni rag‘batlantirish imkoniyatlarini ko‘rsatadi. Maqolada O‘zbekistonda olib borilayotgan islohotlar, investorlar bazasining zaifligi, listing infratuzilmasining yetarli emasligi, hamda oshkoralik va korporativ boshqaruvdagi muammolar tahlil qilinadi. Hukumat tomonidan yirik SOE’larning IPO orqali xususiylashtirilishi bo‘yicha jiddiy tashabbuslar kuzatilayotgan bo‘lsa-da, institut sarmoyadorlarning kamligi, underwriterlar faoliyatining zaifligi va aholining fond bozori haqida yetarli bilimga ega emasligi kabi tizimli to‘siqlar mavjud. Tadqiqot bosqichma-bosqich IPO joriy etish, investitsion banklar salohiyatini oshirish, oshkoralik tizimini kuchaytirish va aholining aksiyalarga bo‘lgan qiziqishini rag‘batlantirish bo‘yicha takliflarni ilgari suradi. Ushbu xulosalar O‘zbekistonning davlatga asoslangan iqtisodiyotdan bozor mexanizmlariga asoslangan tizimga o‘tishida muhim ahamiyatga ega bo‘ladi.

Русский

В статье рассматривается процесс приватизации государственных предприятий (ГП) через первичное (IPO) и вторичное (SPO) публичное размещение акций, с акцентом на развивающийся фондовый рынок Узбекистана. Основываясь на международном опыте таких стран, как Южная Корея, Китай, Индия и Турция, исследование показывает, что листинг ГП способствует улучшению корпоративного управления, привлечению иностранных инвестиций, повышению прозрачности и стимулированию экономического роста. В статье анализируется текущая рыночная среда Узбекистана, включая государственные реформы, ограниченность базы инвесторов, слабую инфраструктуру листинга, а также проблемы раскрытия информации и управления. Несмотря на усилия правительства по выводу крупных ГП на IPO, в исследовании отмечаются системные барьеры – недостаток институциональных инвесторов, низкий уровень подготовки андеррайтеров и слабая инвестиционная культура среди населения. В заключение представлены рекомендации по поэтапному проведению IPO, развитию инвестиционных банков, усилению раскрытия информации и повышению интереса граждан к фондовому рынку. Полученные выводы направлены на поддержку стратегического перехода Узбекистана от государственной модели экономики к рыночной системе через устойчивые и грамотно организованные программы приватизации.

Author name position Name of organisation
1 Sung Tae K.. - Tashkent State University of Economics
Name of reference
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6 Oliver Wyman (2021), Listing State-owned Enterprises in Emerging and Developing Economics: Lessons learned from 30 years of success and failure, the World Bank.
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10 Sunita Kikeri (2020) Privatization of State-Owned Enterprises, The Governance Brief, Is. 47
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12 William L.Megginson and Maria K. Boutchkova (2000), The impact of privatization on capital market development and individual share ownership, NOTA DI LAVORO 53.2000.
13 Zufar Ashurov (2014), The Corporate Governance in Uzbekistan: A Special Focus on the Board’s Supervisory Role Compared with German Practice, Corporate Board: Role, Duties & Composition, Volume 10, Issue 3.
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